Two years of war in Ukraine: What impact on the EU geopolitical strategy? (BRET-IJD)

Did two years of war in Ukraine radically transform the European Union’s strategic posture? Faced with a large-scale, high-intensity conflict in its direct geographical area of interest, did the EU proved itself a geopolitical player?

Has the war in Ukraine finally given rise to a European power that is prepared to stand its ground, including militarily, over the long term? Is the sea serpent a phoenix in the making?

Here is my paper.